憂修憲被廢 考試院千字聲明表達立場 - 考試
By Yedda
at 2020-08-06T13:57
at 2020-08-06T13:57
Table of Contents
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憂修憲被廢 考試院千字聲明表達立場
三立新聞網 setn.com
2020年8月6日 下午1:15
政治中心/綜合報導
近來修憲議題多被討論,尤其廢除考試院、監察院的朝野都相關聲音不斷傳出,對此,考
試院表示各界對考試院業務多不瞭解,深感憲法所賦予獨立行使考試權的意義與重要性,
闡明考試對考試權獨立的立場及態度。因此今(6)日院會通過正式發布聲明,闡明考試院
對考試權獨立的立場及態度。
考試院聲明全文如下:
健全的文官制度,是國家長治久安的關鍵。我國憲法將考試權獨立於行政權之外,旨在透
過公正公開的考試,使人人均有機會參與國家治理,並藉由專業中立的文官,確保民主政
治的穩定發展。
一、貫徹憲法公開競爭考試用人
考試取才是我國社會普遍認同的價值,它同時具有促進階層流動的功能,憲法第18條明定
「人民有應考試服公職之權」。政府遷臺後,考試院於民國39年舉辦全國性高普考試迄今
,從未間斷,考試用人政策始終如一,而國民對考試院之高度肯定,顯見全民對於憲法第
85條「公務人員之選拔,應實行公開競爭之考試制度」有極高共識,此一政策對於保障弱
勢人權、促進階層流動,實有極大貢獻。
數十年來,考試院貫徹憲法公開競爭考試用人,從早期取消無須考試即可進用的雇員制度
、修法防堵專技人員轉任的後門、廢除甲等特考、明定未通過國家考試之黑牌警察退場機
制,以及行政院組改期間,遏阻勞保局、健保局金融雇員取得公務人員的任用資格之提案
等,均是明證。
近年,中央三級機關首長政務常務雙軌制、機要或聘用人員(如口譯哥)的進用,乃至於
聘約人員人事條例草案的擬定,均背離公平取才、保障人民基本權、照顧弱勢的價值。以
聘約人員人事條例草案為例,政府部門職位如改為國家考試任用和聘約人員雙軌,屆時作
為補充人力的約聘僱人員,恐將從目前占政府預算員額的8%,急遽成長,並將大幅壓縮常
任文官的位置,此對每年孜孜矻矻努力準備國家考試的數十萬應考人,以及現職公務人員
士氣無疑是一大打擊,對文官制度亦是重大衝擊。
考試院數十年來憑藉著獨立運作,確保國家考試的公平性,已獲得社會的高度認同,更需
各界加以維護!
二、文官中立為鞏固民主政治的根基
文官中立制度不但是對文官制度的實質保護,也是貫徹憲法第18條對整體常任文官的制度
性保障意旨;當政黨政治輪流執政成為常態時,唯有在健全的文官制度,以及服公職基本
權受到完整保護的前提下,國家方能維持穩定發展,不因執政權的更替,發生政府治理的
危機;此乃民主政治發展的重要關鍵。
我國中央政府迄今經3次政黨輪替,過程中政府運作平順,未造成政治動盪,亦未付出重
大社會成本,專業中立文官扮演的穩定力量至為關鍵。如將考試權歸屬行政院所屬,一旦
行政院主張行政一體原則,恐怕身處這樣組織結構的多數人都難以應對;屆時由憲法第18
條人民服公職基本權所衍生的文官中立制度性保障,恐將動搖。
三、權力分立與獨立的考試權
民主國家的政府體制,基本原則乃是權力分立與相互制衡。若考試權改由行政院下的獨立
機關行使,除了制衡行政權的力量被削弱外,更關鍵的是,該機關既為行政院所轄,在責
任政治的框架裡,能否對抗上級機關的指導而公正獨立運作,誠為各界所質疑與擔憂之所
在。
四、籲請正視考試院的價值
為政之道,莫若至公。歷來民調均指出,考試院是五院中最受信任的機關,顯示考試院對
於貫徹考試用人、保障弱勢參與、促進階層流動、提升政府效能,並堅守文官中立,已獲
得民眾的信賴。考試院撫躬自問,無愧於憲法,無負於人民。
制度的形成與信任的建立須長久的積累,廢除考試院或弱化考試權獨立,恐將導致徇私用
人、阻斷社會流動、侵害弱勢人權、影響政府效能,並毀壞文官中立。會否成就國家更好
的未來?請慎思!
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