林麗珊:警察招考體測 男女標準應一致 - 考試
By James
at 2018-10-21T10:21
at 2018-10-21T10:21
Table of Contents
警大林教授的建議大家覺得如何,其他有體測的考試是否也應男女ㄧ致標準?既然要同
酬「同工」,體能標準一致似乎也合理。
林麗珊/中央警察大學行政管理學系教授
女權運動者盼望消除「性別歧視」、實現「性別平權」的第一步,就是要看見「性別特權
」,通常指的都是男性長久以來把持的特權,才能進一步達成「性別正義」,只是,會不
會在推翻男性特權之後,卻另立一種女性特權呢?
以我國警察招考中的警專、警大和一般特考班為例,目前主要為第一階段「初試」筆試,
和第二階段「複試」的口試、體檢和體測等。引起爭議處在於:筆試沒有分性別,為何體
檢和體測要分男女?在實際的勤務上,犯罪者不會因為是女性而較為善待,反而預設女性
好欺負而先下手為強,體能的要求是打擊犯罪之必須,更是自保之利器。
針對上述疑慮,2016年8月19日考試院曾公布回函:「男女在體能上確實有先天生理因素
之不同,此觀各式運動比賽亦將男女分組競賽,足資證明。……」運動競賽是個人榮譽,
警察執法卻是攸關國家安全之公共利益,如此回覆難平眾議;尤其是警察一般特考女性體
能測驗合格率太高,合格標準不具備測驗應有之衡鑑效度,形同虛設。
基於專業與安全考量,已有許多國家在招募警察時的體能測驗已不設性別。以美國紐約「
工作標準測試」(JST)、英國倫敦「工作關聯性體能測驗」(JRFT),和加拿大薩克屯
「警察體能測驗」(POPAT)3大城市為例,受測者不分性別、身高、體重,皆必須在不到
5分鐘的時間內完成:跨越、攀爬、脫困、追跑、急救等測驗。
此外,先進國家為解決就業市場上的歧視問題,訂定保護就業的法令與配套措施時,也同
時保障僱主的抗辯權利,稱之為「善意的職業資格限制」(Bona Fide Occupational Qua
lification, BFOQ),它允許僱主在聘用職員時的資格上可按照職業要求在性別(例如女
性內衣銷售員等特定性別雇員才能勝任的工作)、年齡(例如精密儀器操作或重體力勞動
的工作)、宗教信仰(例如天主教學校要求教師必須是天主教信徒),和種族(例如與國
家安全和國家利益相關的工作)等性質上進行篩選,如此即不構成歧視行為且受法律保障
。
愛之適足以害之,體能不符合專業要求,很可能造成極大的危險與傷害。警察招考體能測
驗研議多年,考選部曾由部長率團分別於2012年赴韓國考察警察人員考試制度,和2014年
赴美加考察警察體能測驗,考察報告中提到:「警察體能測驗設計應以運動體適能、職能
需求為導向。……」有此共識卻遲不作為,不僅屢屢對警政署的修改方案不表贊同,亦提
不出具體的興革方案,考察半天沒有成果,難杜浪費民脂民膏之議。
--
酬「同工」,體能標準一致似乎也合理。
林麗珊/中央警察大學行政管理學系教授
女權運動者盼望消除「性別歧視」、實現「性別平權」的第一步,就是要看見「性別特權
」,通常指的都是男性長久以來把持的特權,才能進一步達成「性別正義」,只是,會不
會在推翻男性特權之後,卻另立一種女性特權呢?
以我國警察招考中的警專、警大和一般特考班為例,目前主要為第一階段「初試」筆試,
和第二階段「複試」的口試、體檢和體測等。引起爭議處在於:筆試沒有分性別,為何體
檢和體測要分男女?在實際的勤務上,犯罪者不會因為是女性而較為善待,反而預設女性
好欺負而先下手為強,體能的要求是打擊犯罪之必須,更是自保之利器。
針對上述疑慮,2016年8月19日考試院曾公布回函:「男女在體能上確實有先天生理因素
之不同,此觀各式運動比賽亦將男女分組競賽,足資證明。……」運動競賽是個人榮譽,
警察執法卻是攸關國家安全之公共利益,如此回覆難平眾議;尤其是警察一般特考女性體
能測驗合格率太高,合格標準不具備測驗應有之衡鑑效度,形同虛設。
基於專業與安全考量,已有許多國家在招募警察時的體能測驗已不設性別。以美國紐約「
工作標準測試」(JST)、英國倫敦「工作關聯性體能測驗」(JRFT),和加拿大薩克屯
「警察體能測驗」(POPAT)3大城市為例,受測者不分性別、身高、體重,皆必須在不到
5分鐘的時間內完成:跨越、攀爬、脫困、追跑、急救等測驗。
此外,先進國家為解決就業市場上的歧視問題,訂定保護就業的法令與配套措施時,也同
時保障僱主的抗辯權利,稱之為「善意的職業資格限制」(Bona Fide Occupational Qua
lification, BFOQ),它允許僱主在聘用職員時的資格上可按照職業要求在性別(例如女
性內衣銷售員等特定性別雇員才能勝任的工作)、年齡(例如精密儀器操作或重體力勞動
的工作)、宗教信仰(例如天主教學校要求教師必須是天主教信徒),和種族(例如與國
家安全和國家利益相關的工作)等性質上進行篩選,如此即不構成歧視行為且受法律保障
。
愛之適足以害之,體能不符合專業要求,很可能造成極大的危險與傷害。警察招考體能測
驗研議多年,考選部曾由部長率團分別於2012年赴韓國考察警察人員考試制度,和2014年
赴美加考察警察體能測驗,考察報告中提到:「警察體能測驗設計應以運動體適能、職能
需求為導向。……」有此共識卻遲不作為,不僅屢屢對警政署的修改方案不表贊同,亦提
不出具體的興革方案,考察半天沒有成果,難杜浪費民脂民膏之議。
--
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