生物問題請教 - 考試

1.Which process hinder clarification of the deepest branchings in a
phylogenetic tree that depicts the origins of the tree domains?
(A)binary fission (B)mitosis (C)meiosis (D)horizontal gene transfer
(E)gene duplication
答案是給D不曉得這題答案要如何去解釋呢
2.Tree living spices X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, as do extinct
spices U and V. Agrouping that includes spices T, X, Y,and Z makes up
(A)a valid taxon (B)a monophyletic clade (C)an ingroup, with spices Uas
the outgoup (D)a paraphyletic group (E)a polyphyletic group
答案是給D但是E為什麼錯呢
煩請高手解答謝謝

--