國考將逐步加重口試 考委:需抗壓性公職 - 考試

By Thomas
at 2023-05-06T13:35
at 2023-05-06T13:35
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國考將逐步加重口試 考委:需抗壓性公職可研議加入心理測驗
2023/05/06 12:00
〔記者林曉雲/台北報導〕國家考試將更看重面試!目前僅22類科有口試,明年起將逐步增加口試。考試委員吳新興認為,除了在漸進推動策略下,層級較高的考試應優先考量增加口試,也認為公務員工作績效與個人特質息息相關,對於需要抗壓性與穩定度的職務、或配備槍械的職務等,可優先研議加入心理測驗科學化工具作為選才之輔助。
112年起,高考三級與地特三等部分公職專技類科增加口試,地特三等與四等的客家行政也增加客語口試;113年起,高考三級的僑務行政、國際文教行政以及航空駕駛等類科,在用人機關的要求下增加口試。此外,考選部也採取普遍增加口試占分比重的作法。
吳新興表示,我國國家考試中面試並不普遍,除了成本考量,主要是對「筆試才公平」制式觀念的顧忌,目前我國文官考試採取口試僅22類,集中運用在高階考試如高考一、二級,和司法、國安及重視語言和表達能力的特考或類科,極大比例和語言的口說能力有關,也會評量專業的表達能力,但對於考生的人格特質與心理狀態的判斷比較欠缺。
吳新興援引日本為例,認為可研議以心理測驗作為口試輔助工具,公務員工作績效,除倚賴其專業知能,與工作動機和個人特質也息息相關,除了面試官的專業判斷,若能輔以心理測驗科學化工具,應更能提高判讀效果,而現階段我國僅有飛航管制人員身體檢查中納入心理測驗,是屬於針對特殊工作內容的適性測驗。至於在國安人員、調查人員,機關亦有開發專屬心理檢測工具,但並非在任用考時使用,而是在訓練階段,用於觀察學員並加強輔導,以及訓後工作分發的判斷。
但吳新興直言,我國要全面性使用心理測驗或適性測驗,仍是一條漫漫長路,考試院在這方面的資源目前並不充足,若要在考試中逐步推廣心理測驗的運用,應選擇重點,例如工作性質需要抗壓性與穩定度的職務、或配備槍械的職務等,優先加以研議。
吳新興近日發表「從日本重視面試機能思考台灣考選改革」一文,口試是日本文官考試的核心工具,因口試才能真正判斷考生的能力與特質,面試官的專業培養、面試問題結構的設計,牽涉到對考生能力判讀的效果和公平性,必須以一套專業的作業標準來取信於考生和社會。
日本認為公務高階主管最能判斷人員的適任性;但台灣為了防弊,倚賴第三方公正人士擔任面試官。吳新興表示,在兩相權衡下,現階段可採取兩者兼顧組合,既有外部專家形成天然防弊機制,在專業上協助能力鑑別,亦有用人機關的高階人員,以實務經驗強化人員特質與能力的判讀。
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/4292839
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