經濟 無謂損失問題 - 考試
By Hazel
at 2021-04-05T13:27
at 2021-04-05T13:27
Table of Contents
因為對於無謂利益/成本/福利/損失的觀念不夠清楚
想藉由這題目請教大家的看法(身邊為了考試唸書的朋友都只會記三角形)
https://imgur.com/tqN7WIU.jpg
如上圖示 兩個模型都是在政府干預市場的情境下探討無謂的損失
左圖的狀況是假設政府對於商品設定最低價格p'
此時因需求量降低至Q' 有無謂損失afE(橘色範圍)
政府為確保市場上該商品供應充足至Q"
追加提出對於過剩商品之保證購買政策(即Q'至Q"部份)
因此生產與消費者加總之總剩餘增加了abE部份
但投入用於保證購買的補貼(藍色範圍)實為整個社會額外的付出
因此無謂的損失為 abcd-abE = acE + bdE
那麼 如果狀況有點改變 如右圖
政府為穩定物價 設定了價格低限
但同時希望市場上供給有Q" - 可能透過補貼(深藍色範圍)
或者強制徵收等手段(S移動至S")來達成
請問這時候的無謂損失 分別應該怎麼計算(或在圖形上判斷)呢
感謝
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